Mental Health A First Person, Analytical Essay, Peel Format

Part A – First person, analytical essay, PEEL format. 300-500 words. There are many horrible ways of people getting depression and anxiety in the world which is highly increasing as the days go on. One of these ways of producing these two elements is mental health. Mental health is not just a bad thing but is also good as you can create resilience, coping strategies and avenues to seek help with anxiety and depression. Psychology workers are one of the many jobs of people helping to create resilience, coping strategies and avenues for people to help them get through anxiety and depression through mental health. Resilience is what the psychology workers aim for first as it has the capacity to help people recover quickly from difficulties†¦show more content†¦A way to find out how to use these things towards you as an advantage is by talking to a professional or someone that has used them in the past like a psychologist or a doctor. This is clearly affecting the world that we live in today by a long shot more than any other symptom out there. F or example from the age 18 years and older 18% of the U.S populations have anxiety disorders, that’s 40 million people that are affected by this disorder known as anxiety. Only one-third of the of people anxiety disorders around the world are being treated yet this disease is highly treatable. This leads onto the fact that over $42 billion is spent on anxiety disorders out of the total $148 billion total that is spent on the mental health bill, that’s roughly one-third of the total payment. Therefore we can clearly tell by the statistics that over 40million people in the U.S have the anxiety disorder, only one-third of the people are being treated yet it is highly treatable and the fact that it has used over $42 billion in the U.S. Therefore it can be concluded that the current position that the population of people with anxiety disorders and people that are being treated with and completely different numbers and requires and seeks global attention as it is a big issue. There is a connection with all the people that having been treated and we can clearly conclude that

The Glass Menegerie vs August Osage County Free Essays

Patel 1 The More Dysfunctions, The More Escapes The Wingfields and Westons are both inimitable families who carry distinctive traits and characteristics. In the play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams portrays a southern family in the 1930’s trying to deal with life’s pressures, and their own fears after their husband and father deserts them. In the play, August: Osage County, Tracy Letts depicts a large eccentric family who come together after the death of the patriarch, Beverly, and try to triumph over the obstacles in life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Menegerie vs August Osage County or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unhealthy and detrimental relationships among family members are ample between the two families. The Wingfield and Weston families are both trapped by their own dysfunctions, which force them to be confined in their own homes, ultimately causing the abandoned matriarchs to either face the truth or continue to run from it. First, the Wingfields and Westons are both abnormal families who share a lot of the same dysfunctions as one another. Each member of the Wingfield family has their own issues and problems. Laura has a slight physical disability, but her mind is significantly more crippled. Laura is very weak and open to attack; she is unable to defend herself from the truths of life. Amanda attempts to portray herself as a loving mother, doing everything she can for her children, and caring nothing for herself, Patel 2 when in fact, she is quite selfish, demanding and disrespectful. Amanda disrespects Tom, as she says,†What is the matter with you, you-big-big-idiot! (Williams 21) Amanda claims that she devotes her life to her children, and that she would do anything for them, but is very suspicious of Tom’s activities, and frequently pressures Tom, trying to force him in finding a gentleman caller for Laura, believing that Laura is lonely and needs a companion. Tom resents his mother greatly, not only because she always gets her way with him, but because she is so suspicious of his activities, causing a limited trust between them. The Weston family has their dysfunctional issues as well. Everybody in the family is constantly worried over the fact that the patriarch, Beverly, has mysteriously disappeared which is than discovered to be a suicide. The pill popping and unstable mother, Violet, does not make the situation any better. She is a drug addict who frequently disrespects people in spite of their attempts to help. As well, she shows a great lack of respect over the passing of her husband. Many family members, especially Barbara Fordham, the eldest daughter, is stressed over Violet’s condition and often tries to stop her addiction. Barbara confronts her mother about the situation and asks for the pills by saying, â€Å"Gimme those goddamn pills-â€Å" (Letts 96) There is no admiration between any of the family members, therefore resulting in conflict and argument on a frequent basis. Patel 3 Furthermore, both families are confined in their homes and are forced to see and talk to one another. The Wingfields constantly give the impression of being discontented with each other. No adoration is being recognized, nor appreciation of one another. They cannot escape their run-down apartment due to their financial crisis. Tennesee Williams depicts the prison-like atmosphere of the apartment, as he writes, The Wingfield apartment is in the rear of the building, †¦ one of those vast hive-like conglomerations of cellular living-units that flower as warty growths in overcrowded urban centers of lower middle-class populations and are symptomatic of the impulse of this largest and fundamentally enslaved section of American society to avoid fluidity and differentiation and to exist and function as one interfused mass of automatism. (Williams 3) Due to the shortage and scarcity of money, the Wingfields cannot have a great life style. The condition of their apartment resembles their torn apart family. The fire escape is the closest way for the Wingfield family to escape. The fire escape gives Tom the opportunity to abandon the apartment and get away from his nagging mother. Amanda sees the fire Patel 4 escape as an opportunity for gentleman callers to enter their lives. Laura’s view is different from her mother and her brother; her escape seems to be hiding inside the apartment. Also, the Westons are trapped in their homes and can’t seem to escape. They don’t all live together, but are brought together as one due to the death of the patriarch, Beverly. Every member of the Weston family has their differences. They endure many problems as they live with one another. An indication of incarceration is when Violet tapes the shades and lets nobody opens them. Charlie questions Mattie Fae about the situation, â€Å"This business with the shades, taping the shades? † (Letts 20) As soon as the family members see that they can break away from the house, they leave as soon as they can. Even though the family is brought together, they are all happier with their individual lives away from the family. Lastly, facing the truth can be challenging and exigent for certain people. In this case, Amanda Wingfield is not aware of the truth and repeatedly nags and aggravates her children. Amanda stipulates Tom to comb his hair, as she says, â€Å"Comb your hair! You look so pretty when your hair is combed. † (Williams 38) Amanda mainly bothers Tom about finding a gentleman caller for Laura, she feels that Laura is lonely and needs a companion in order to be happy and pleased in life. Also, she Patel 5 thinks that Laura will not be secure and protected in the future if she does not find a companion. Amanda often fantasises about her past, and uses it to escape reality. She constantly reminds Tom and Laura of the time she received seventeen gentleman callers. As opposed to Violet, who is aware of the truth, but continues to run from it. There are several things that Violet knows, but doesn’t mention to the other members of the family. Violet is aware of the fact that Barbara and Bill’s marriage is ruined and the chances of getting a divorce are high. Also, she knows that Beverly had an affair with Mattie Fae and they had a son, Little Charles. Violet tells Ivy the truth about her and Little Charles, as she utters, â€Å"Little Charles and you are brother and sister. I know that. † (Letts 133) Violet escapes from the truth by taking pills and drinking alcohol. She doesn’t want to tell anybody about the past because she doesn’t want to cause more nuisances in the family household. Thus, it is clear that the Wingfield and Weston families have their similarities and differences as well. Each family has their own issues and challenges; they handle it in various ways. Each family member approaches certain situations differently. Each of the two families has many disagreements and conflicts, and they all find a common route to get out of it. The Wingfield’s and Westons’s have many dysfunctions, which lead them to be incarcerated in their households, eventually, Patel 6 forcing the remaining mothers to make a decision in either facing the truth or running away from it. How to cite The Glass Menegerie vs August Osage County, Papers

Chemical Basis of Genetics Essay Example For Students

Chemical Basis of Genetics Essay Brandon C. Hall Tuesday, January 28, 1997 Chapter 10 Chemical Basis of Genetics Essay 12.2 Structure of DNA Breakthrough in genetic research took place in 1953 at Cambridge University in Great Britain. By James D. Watson, an american biologist, and Francis H. C. Crick, a British biophysicist, discovered the structure of DNA. Existing Knowledge of DNA Levene in the 1920s found that DNA contained four nitrogen-carrying bases called adenine, guanine, thymine , and cytosine. Five-carbon sugar deoxyribose. Together with a phoshate group is called nucleotide. The Watson-Crick Model Then sequence of the nucleotides is the code that controls the production of all the proteins of an organism. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a polypeptide of an RNA molcule. 12.4 DNA and RNA DNA, with its blueprint for protein synthesis, is located in the cell nucleus. Yet the maufacture of protein moleculestakes place in the cytoplasm of the cell on the structures called ribosomes. DNA molecules do not leave the nucleus to control the production of the protein. Instead, another type of nucleic acid acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes and carries out protein synthesis. This nucleic acid is called RNA, or ribonucleic(ry boh noo klee ihk) acid. Three kinds of RNA = messenger mRNA, Transfer tRNA, Ribosomal rRna. RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil instead of thymine Tuesday, January 28, 1997 Chapter 10 Chemical Basis of Genetics 12.2 Structure of DNA Breakthrough in genetic research took place in 1953 at Cambridge University in Great Britain. By James D. Watson, an american biologist, and Francis H. C. Crick, a British biophysicist, discovered the structure of DNA. Existing Knowledge of DNA Levene in the 1920s found that DNA contained four nitrogen-carrying bases called adenine, guanine, thymine , and cytosine. Five-carbon sugar deoxyribose. Together with a phoshate group is called nucleotide. The Watson-Crick Model Then sequence of the nucleotides is the code that controls the production of all the proteins of an organism. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a polypeptide of an RNA molcule. 12.4 DNA and RNA DNA, with its blueprint for protein synthesis, is located in the cell nucleus. Yet the maufacture of protein moleculestakes place in the cytoplasm of the cell on the structures called ribosomes. DNA molecules do not leave the nucleus to control the production of the protein. Instead, another type of nucleic acid acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes and carries out protein synthesis. This nucleic acid is called RNA, or ribonucleic(ry boh noo klee ihk) acid. Three kinds of RNA = messenger mRNA, Transfer tRNA, Ribosomal rRna. RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil instead of thymine Category: History .

Wind Essays - Atmospheric Dynamics, Vortices, Wind

Wind Wind can tell us many things about weather conditions. A person knowledgeable about local weather can take the temperature and dew point, wind data and altimeter setting and make a pretty good estimate of what the present weather is. He can throw away all but the wind and still give you an approximate weather outlook. There is a simple key to understanding wind: Variations in pressure from place to place create wind, because air tends to flow from high pressure to low, as water flows from high ground to low. This phenomenon has led to the creation of a model to explain worldwide air circulation. Because cooler air is denser than warmer air, its pressure is higher. As air at the equator warms and rises, the pressure in the area lowers. Heavier, cooler air tends to flow toward the low, and as it does, it causes the warmer air to flow upward and poleward, where it cools and develops higher pressure. This air, in turn, will then tend to flow back toward the equator. The same principle of circulation--from areas of high pressure to areas of low--also governs the circulation around the high- and low-pressure areas that move across our country. Isobars are lines drawn on a map to link points of equal atmospheric pressure. The textbook rule says that wind flows parallel to the isobars, but this appears to conflict with the basic principle of flow. If air flows from high pressure to low, shouldn't its movement be perpendicular to the isobars? The answer is that the rotation of the earth deflects the wind flow about 90 degrees, causing the air to circulate around the pressure systems instead of directly from one system to another. In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow is clockwise around high-pressure areas and counterclockwise around lows. This fact gives us a start on wind-based weather information. If you stand with your back to the wind, low pressure will be to your left. If there's a strong crosswind component aloft, worse weather is ahead if the wind is from your left and better weather if the wind is from your right. Knowing these basics of wind flow will never take the place of a good weather map and the information we get from the National Weather Service, but it can be helpful when the forecasts are all going sour. The strength of wind flow is governed by how much the barometric pressure changes within a given distance. As they tell you in basic meteorology, the closer the isobars are to each other, the stronger the wind. Strong winds mean the highs are very high and the lows are very low. Air assumes the properties of the area over which it flows: Warm air comes form the south, cold air from the north. Moist air comes from over water, dry air from over large land masses. The vigor with which the wind blows is an indication of how much moisture, or how much dry air, is overspreading the area. Winds in the middle and high levels tell the meteorologist a lot, too. Wind speeds around highs differ from those around lows. A high is usually large in area and the pressure change near its center tends to be gradual. Also, because of friction effects, the surface winds tend to flow clockwise and outward (about 30 degrees) around a high. The wind is thus light and the weather usually good near its center. The flow around a low is counterclockwise and inward, so the wind tends to accelerate nearer the center, which is usually small compared to the center of a high. The strength and direction of wind flow also provide excellent clues to approaching weather. If a cold front passes your location, a good northwesterly flow of cold, dry air settling in behind it is an indication that the high behind the front is of respectable size and strength. If the flow behind the front is weak, the high probably doesn't amount to much, and the odds of having a prolonged period of good weather following the front are slim. If the weatherman mentions an approaching low-pressure system but the winds outside are light, the low is probably far away or weak. If the wind is freshening rapidly, the low is probably strong. The stronger the wind circulating around the low, the more severe will be any storm associated with it. Furthermore, as lows deepen the circulation around them increases while the movement of the low across the country slows. Severe blows

SWOT Analysis and Report for Cadbury Schweppes †Business Research Paper

SWOT Analysis and Report for Cadbury Schweppes – Business Research Paper Free Online Research Papers SWOT Analysis and Report for Cadbury Schweppes Business Research Paper Cadbury Schweppes was founded in the year 1831 by John Cadbury. Its revolutionized cocoa started processing from the year 1866 onwards. This company originally merged with Schweppes in 1969. Currently, this successful company is employing approximately about 43,000 people worldwide. Today, Cadbury Schweppes is the worlds fourth biggest supplier of chocolate and sugar confectionery. One of its products, Dairy Milk was introduced in 1905, and has become the most successful moulded chocolate in UK history and the basic ingredient for many other Cadbury products. 95 years later, Dairy Milk is one of the worlds most famous brand names and the companys leading chocolate bar by revenue. Sales from Cadburys Dairy Milk alone are estimated at over  £135 million for 1995. Cadbury considers its success is based on three factors: quality, value for money and good advertising. Aim: Apply SWOT analysis to Cadbury’s current situation and its position to enter a foreign market It is important to investigate on the internal and external environmental forces for the Dairy Milk in France. Relevant organizational and industrial information is required for the development of a SWOT analysis. The analysis of the environment and the consideration of the situational factors when designing marketing planning, is critical as it would allow Dairy Milk to capitalize on organizational strengths, minimize any weaknesses, exploit market opportunities and avoid any threats. Strengths Cadbury would realize several possible advantages in going abroad. By penetrating a foreign market the company could: Maintain a stable growth of a company by maximizing the use of its production capacity and thus increase economies of scale and scope. With its brand name, Cadbury could counterattack the competitors it faces in the domestic market by attacking their domestic market. Keep up with the financial strength by increasing its sales and profit, indeed the foreign market could present higher profit opportunities than the domestic products. Acquisition rules in UK, reduce its dependence on the UK market and therefore diversify its market specific risks. Overall, Cadbury has been successful through the new products (development) it has to offer. Weaknesses Generally, as Cadbury has a weak position in the US market, thus, need to change its target to a different location. Besides its lack of distribution network, it also has a small total of market share altogether. Therefore in order to market the product in France successfully, Cadbury would have to find out on how it can improve in order to have great performance. It is also good to find out what are the situations that they could avoid in order to be successful. In order to market products the following issues should be considered: Total French production of chocolate bars and confectionary, which has increased by 24.5 per cent between 1988 and 1991, has slowed down in more recent years, partly due to the economic slump. Consumption of chocolate products, which has been growing until 1991, remained fairly static in 1992, reflecting a fall in demand due to the gloomy economic situation. Sales of milk chocolate bars, which account for 24 per cent by volume of total sales of chocolate bars, decreased by 3.7 per cent. Opportunities Through its confectionary product line, least to mention is to build viable positions in prioritized markets through organic growth and acquisition. Besides what is mention above, Cadbury has other opportunities to have market development in Russia and China. The Timeout Candy Bar market is growing worldwide. This company is also at the same time distributing its products via the internet – Develop Gourmet Line. Besides developing the â€Å"Low Calorie† line of chocolates and sweets, they also offer the â€Å"Sugar Free† sweets line. This has thus opened a completely Cadbury world in US. Therefore in order to get the product into a new foreign market, France, Cadbury would have good opportunities in store for them. Opportunities are as follows: In terms of political issues, France is an advanced parliamentary democracy and politically is highly stable. The political power is centralized in the parliament, the Prime Minister and the President. The country specific risk is negligible. France is a member of the European Community and has excellent relations with the UK. Economically, France has the fourth largest Gross Domestic Product in the world. It is a first-world advanced market based economy. Despite a recent recession, its economy is very strong and also highly deregulated in line with European Union policies. France represents a very large potential market with a high standard of living and purchasing power. The economy is highly open internationally and conducts a high percentage of trade within its European partners. With regards to its social situation, France has a broadly central/southern European culture which has many similarities with the UK. However cultural differences do exist and these must be considered when planning for the market. France has a high technological level and a lot of industries are based in the technological sector. This technological base constitutes one of France’s competitive advantages. Threats Due to its confectionary products, it is very important for Cadbury to be aware of any present or upcoming threats. The company should take note of the changes in the consumer’s buying trend. It is perceived that consumers might shift from chocolates to â€Å"Healthy† snacks. If this were to happen, there might be a poor product development which would tarnish the Cadbury’s name. Needless to say price wars would occur between its competitors like Mars, Hershey and Nestle. Due to the abovementioned, there would be seasonal sales slumps all year round which will reflect to an increase in cost of the raw materials needed. Cadbury would then have to be prepared for growth of small local gourmet chocolates and regional candy manufacturers. However if Cadbury were to market its products in France, the company has to be aware of the risks it could encounter. It might: Not understand foreign customer preferences and fail to offer a competitively attractive product; Not understand the foreign country’s business culture or know how to deal effectively with foreign nationals; Underestimate foreign regulations and incur unexpected costs. Threat of entry due to the competition growing through acquisition. Obviously any foreign entry decision must take the abovementioned elements into account. The Ansoff matrix Product Present New Market Penetration Product Development Market Development Diversification Because Cadbury is introducing its brand name to a new region, in relate to the Ansoff matrix above, it can be argued that it is under market development. Although the company has come up with a few current products, it is targeting to a new market. Despite the competition against the rest (Hershey’s, MM Mars and Nestle), Cadbury has to have the bargaining power of the buyers in order to be competitive in the market. Although the company need to know that substitutes are not a major concern. Finally, to conclude that Cadbury is in the Market Development, they would have to have the bargaining power of suppliers as they are not in power position due to commodity like nature. And also to be aware of the cost of packaging materials as it has increased over time. There are a few strategic recommendations that Cadbury could come up with in order to market its products not only in the region of France, but also to market it products successfully. After much discussion on the position of the product currently, the following recommendations could be suggested: Increase Frances Involvement by implementing a pound campaign to Launch Timeout in France which has already been done in America. Increase Marketing and Promotion globally by marketing products in emerging markets. Focus on non-chocolate development/acquisitions by developing line of non-chocolate candies. Develop Novelty/Specialty markets- Gourmet Line on Internet, by developing gourmet line to be distributed via internet. Aggressive new product development- low calories, sugar free and sweets. This has to be done by researching and developing new products/ joint venture. Conclusion In order for Cadbury to reach the peak of achievement, the company would have to stress on the global growth of the product. It can be a risk to market it in the region France, but with careful study of the target market segments and its economic position, it can be an attainment. Cadbury should also look into other countries like the Asia Pacific in order to market its products popular globally. But then again, careful considerations to look at its major competitors and to obtain the rules and regulations of a certain country are equally important. Another strategic plan would be a joint venture. Since Cadbury Schweppes is a company that produces not only chocolates but also drinks, it should market a new product and maybe get into the product development or get into a total diversification. However, need to bear in mind that it is not as easy as marketing Cadbury’s current products. It took Cadbury almost 165 years to reach to its successful peak today. Needless to say that in order for the company to market its products globally, it is understood that heavy capital and marketing expenditures have to be sacrificed. Cadbury has somehow gone through this process therefore throughout the past decade; it shouldn’t be an issue that would raise a problem. Last but not least not to forget that Cadbury should need to strengthen the brand name of its products. This is important due to the fact that since it is popular in the UK and US, the profile of the product should be maintained and not deteriorates. References Anonymous (2002), History of Cadbury, www.cadbury.com.au Anonymous (2002), SWOT analysis – Understanding your Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, Mindtools website www.mindtools.com Boone, L., Kurtz, D. (1992) Contemporary Marketing, Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press. Danca, C. A. ‘SWOT analysis’, website – www.stfrancis.edu Developing your Strategic SWOT Analysis.† Austrainer. (1999) website www.austrainer.com Ferell, O., Hartline, M., G., Luck, D. (1998) Marketing Strategy. Orlando, FL: Dryden Press. â€Å"Swoting Your Way to Success† BHC. (1999), website – www.bradhuckleco.com.au Vrontis, D Vignali, C (2001) ‘Dairy Milk in France – A marketing investigation of the situational environment’, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol 103 No 4 Research Papers on SWOT Analysis and Report for Cadbury Schweppes - Business Research PaperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office System

Learn About the French Verb Faillir

Learn About the French Verb Faillir Faillir is a very interesting and useful French verb. It is irregular in conjugation and does not have an English equivalent; the simplest translation is to almost do something.​ Faillir is usually followed by an infinitive and can be translated by to almost do something, to all but do something, to very nearly do something, or to narrowly miss doing something. Faillir is most commonly used in the past: Jai failli tomber. - I almost fell.Nous avons failli rater le train. - We very nearly missed the train.Il a failli dire  « non  » avant dy rà ©flà ©chir.  - He almost said no before thinking about it. Faillir Faillir is followed by a noun and means to fail in/at or to fail to keep: Jai failli ma mission. - I failed in my mission.Il a failli sa parole. - He failed to keep his word. Expressions with Faillir faillir la tradition - to break with traditionne pas faillir sa parole - to keep / be true to ones wordne pas faillir sa rà ©putation - to live up to ones reputationrà ©sister jusquau bout sans faillir - to resist unflinchingly to the end Conjugations Though this verb has conjugations in all the tenses, faillir is used almost exclusively in the past (passà © composà ©, passà © simple, and plus-que-parfait), so the past participle failli is the most important form for you to know. To talk about nearly doing something in another tense, manquer de is preferable (though the meaning is subtly different). Note that il faut is the third person singular present tense of both faillir and the impersonal verb falloir.

Discussion on Genetic Engineering Research Paper

Discussion on Genetic Engineering - Research Paper Example ). GE is emerging as the most rapidly progressing branch of biology and manipulation of genes is becoming a routine act or play. GE works because conservation of genes is observed throughout the evolution. GE encompasses insertion of a particular genetic sequence isolated from any species into some different animal or plant or bacteria and hence monitoring the expression of the genetic sequence. Advances in technology has generated ease in the manipulation of genetics of the organisms and hence the gene manipulation by means of genetic engineering is paving its way in every aspect of human endeavour. Through genetic engineering, human genes are inserted into sheep, the motive of this insertion is to secrete alpha-1 antitrypsin in the milk, a useful product to treat lung disease. On the other hand with the help of genetic engineering, four legged chickens, without wings were created (Genetic Engineering: What is genetic Engineering?). This implies that genetic engineering has empowere d humans to modify the very existence of natural forms of life i.e. animals, plants or humans on earth. GE has allowed the expression of genes from different group of animals namely fish, mouse, human, insect or plants in one organism, violating the laws of nature. Ethically it is unacceptable to alter the natural forms of life. ... of human existence, may it be in the form of genetically engineered food products, genetically engineered fruits, genetically modified vegetables, bakery items, genetically modified animals to yield high quantity of milk and dairy items, genetically modified poultry animals, genetic engineering has now paved its way in cosmetics, wearable, treatment of diseases, manufacturing industrial products that are designed to enhance the production, GE is engrossing every parameter of human existence which one can think of, manipulation of genes can be performed with the skill, knowledge and precise technology to fulfil the desire of the imagination (50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods). As genetic engineering is moving at much faster pace and establishing new paradigms rapidly it is essential to have a check on the basis of ethical considerations to prevent the permanent loss of identities of natural life forms. There is a certain set parameters in moral philosophy which inv olves, regulating the right behaviour, defending the appropriate conduct and advocating the concept of understanding to discriminate between right and wrong. Based on this issue ethical theories are categorized into metaethics- dealing with religion, normative ethics- deals with practical task based on moral values to discriminate between correct and incorrect involves virtue theories, duty theories, consequentialist theories (Types of Utilitarianism and Ethical Egoism and Social Contract Theory); applied ethics encompass explicit controversial issues encompassing, environmental issues, abortion etc (Ethics). In Genetic Engineering, virtue ethics find wider application, provides a lesser amount of prominence on learning rules and emphasise on developing better approach based on morals as

Answering 2 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answering 2 questions - Assignment Example My personal contributions will aim at fulfilling some holes in the research topic by bringing in ideas that seek to affirm contentious issues in the topic. I believe that I will be able to offer sufficient support for my claims as well as highlighting the myths and misconceptions surrounding the topic. I think the final choices of peers are valid as they can form the basis for a credible research topic. In relation my selected topic, I have seen many things that may alter my view of the subject. First of all, television commercial are not only based in emotions as I had earlier stated but they are also based on some known facts. They not only appeal to our emotions but some of them are based on things that we cannot do without and as a result, the advertisements are just a matter of conveying the information and not appealing for convince us through emotional approach. I have discovered that logos can also be applied in commercials by stating the logic behind the need to consume some products. According to the definition of research as depicted in the lecture notes, it is about creation of a topic and not just writing on the topic. This means that one must come up with new ideas and strategies that have never been handled conclusively and the debate on them rages on. This is a new insight to me as far as research writing is concerned. I will now focus more on the coming up with new ideas as opposed to the ones already known and proved. By taking this approach, I will be able to write one of the best papers and fill all the knowledge gaps in my research

The Changes in Representation of Teenagers in the Media Essay Example for Free

The Changes in Representation of Teenagers in the Media Essay Since the birth of the subculture teenagers, these stereotypically rude, rebellious and rowdy young adults have been included and represented in movies, plays and any other type of entertainment. In studying two separate films from two separate time frames, I have found that they depict teens in many different ways, although the root of their problems, values and attitudes are very much the same. This essay will explore and discuss these changes in representation, and will strive to discover the core reasons for this development. The two movies I have studied; Freedom Writers 2007, directed by Richard LaGrevense) and To Sir with Love (1967, directed but James Clavell), will be my main examples in this report, while also using other materials as backup evidence. Paragraph one will address how teenagers are represented today, and how they were in the past. Paragraph two will explore the reasons behind the differences in portrayal, and paragraph three will decide on whether or not this is a realistic representation of teenagers in society. Throughout the years, the ways teenagers have been depicted have changed ramatically in some areas, while staying completely the same in others. An example of this is the values of the teenagers in the two movies I have viewed. In To Sir with Love, the teenagers were valued relationships and being disrespectful, whereas in Freedom Writers, the teens valued respect and acceptance, but on the flip side, both movies represent the teenagers as rebellious, loud, hostile to those not of their social group, or those they do not accept, who are in search of an identity. These values and attitudes stem from broken homes and violence in both movies, as well as the want, nd in some cases need, for respect. No matter what decade you look at, you will find that this is a common basis of problems in the bulk of teenagers. In both movies, and many others beside, you will find that a majority of the teens have a problem with authority, and seek to disobey all powerful fgures at any possible time. Also, in almost all teenage movies, you have an antagonist, or one person who tends to make more trouble than the others. Sometimes its fairly obvious, an example being To Sir With Love, where the antagonist is clearly Denham (one of the students), but other imes it is not, an example being Freedom Writers, where there are certain students who make more trouble, but no defined antagonist. As you can see, over time values and attitudes may change, but the core root of where these problems have stemmed from does not. The main reason as to why the representation of teenagers has changed over time is because tha values and acceptances of the audience have changed dramatically. The media has to release entertainment suitable and appealing for its audience, otherwise it would receive no money because nobody is watching it. This means that Hollywood, and other people who make movies, must shape the content of their films as the values and interests of its viewers changes, so that it keeps the audience I have viewed are so different, is because the values and attitudes of the people in the decades they were released in were so different. For example, in To Sir with Love, there were almost no swear words, except for the occasional bleedin, whereas in Freedom Writers, there is a whole range of swear words used. This is but one example of the many differences in the representation of teenagers in movies. In my opinion, the way teenagers are depicted in the film world can be both realistic and unrealistic. Some examples of this in my two movies is the fact that To Sir With Love is a very sexist movie, which is a very real mirror image of London in the 60s (where it was set). Also, in To Sir With Love, it is very unrealistic that none of the kids swear, because the children of 1960 London would have sworn all the time. This also shows how the media shapes itself for the wants of its audience, as swearing on film was frowned upon. In conclusion, teenagers can be depicted in many different ways, as I have shown you n this essay, by use of examples, but the core root of their problems, as well as some values, attitudes and beliefs, tends to stay the same throughout the entire teenage history. In this report I have; addressed how teenagers are represented today and how they were in the past, explored the reasons behind the differences in portrayal and decided on whether or not this is a realistic representation of teenagers in society, also giving direct examples from the two movies I have done a study on; Freedom Writers and To Sir With Love.

Economics of the War on Terrorism :: 9/11 Recession Essays

The choice to bomb the World Trade Center was more than symbolic. The collapse of the towers coincided with a slowing global economy and was probably intended to cause as much economic as physical harm. The crisis will have deep economic repercussions in a number of areas; while some parts of the economy will be hurt, other sectors may actually benefit, and it is possible that increased defense spending could stimulate the slowing economy in the short run. A global economy requires openness and speed, whereas increased security often entails putting up barriers and walls. The war on terrorism will also dramatically increase security costs at every level. America's distant global commitments may become enormously expensive and draining. The war on terrorism will decrease consumer spending, the stock market, exchange rates, airline costs, and immigration rates. Furthermore, how will a slowing global economy respond and deteriorate the slowing American economy? The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center will cost New York’s economy up to 105 billion dollars and 115,000 jobs. Allen Hevesi, the city comptroller, did a recent report of the breakdown of some costs: Rebuilding the World Trade Center as smaller buildings will cost 6.7 billion; Repairing and restoring other damaged buildings will cost 5.3 billion; Value of equipment, vehicles, computer systems destroyed will cost 12 billion; Lost wages using estimate of 5,600 people will cost 11 billion; Clean-up and stabilization of WTC site will cost 9 billion; City government overtime, vehicle losses, road building will cost 7 billion; Spending by private owners on repairs will cost 1 billion; Treating injured, loss of income from injuries will cost 3 billion; Lost business and economic activity will cost 21 billion; Lost rent for damaged buildings will cost 1.75 billion; Lost wages because of companies leaving New York will cost 3 billion. The city will need additional federal ai d to recover. The long-term impact of the attacks depends on how quickly the nation’s economy recover and the decisions on where to locate by the companies. The city initially paid for clearing the area and the most visible portion of the cleanup, which was nearly a half a million tons of steel, concrete and debris. The World Trade Center attacks were said to be hurting the civilian economy in ways that merely a military engagement like the Persian Gulf War didn’t. MSNBC news reported that because of its global scale and long-term nature, the war on terrorism will cost more than the Persian Gulf War, which totaled about $80 billion in constant fiscal-year 2002 dollars.

The Breville Juicer

If you are looking to shop for a quality juicer and are having problem deciding between Jack Lalanne Juicers and Breville Juicers, it’s best to try a side by side comparison, which I have done for you. Breville Juice Fountain Plus with 2 speeds is the way to go. It's better at producing juice large amounts of juice, it’s a centrifical process of extraction instead of a masticating process and cleanup is a snap. I have used a Jack Lalanne Power Juicer Pro for a year and a half. I used it for greens and fruit and it worked well but I noticed a lot of pulp which was fairly â€Å"wet†, and some of the pieces that I put in the juicer ended up whole in the pulp container. Since I juice so often I decided to try a Breville Juicer-Fountain Ellite. What a difference one product can make. Not only is the Breville juicer faster but it has two speeds-lower for softer fruits and veggies and high speed for harder. I like the speed of the juicer because I am always on the go and don't have the patience for a masticating juicer. Masticating juicers may extract more and the juice may preserve longer-but I would be pulling my pulling my hair out if I had to wait around too long. This juicer works perfectly for me, plus I drink my juice right away. I did quite a bit of research before buying this juicer, I needed something that would be able to stand up to constant use and a machine that would get as much juice as possible from the produce. For the most part, this machine does just that. Depending on what I'm juicing I've found though that for the best results I have to take it apart and scrub the filter down a bit so that the juice can filter into the pitcher. I mostly do kale, celery, apples, limes, carrots, and cucumbers and all of it goes through the juicer really smoothly. The Breville Juice Fountain Plus is an excellent juicer with a powerful enough motor to negotiate a large variety of fruits and vegetables. Whether you’re juicing soft fruits, hard vegetables, or leafy greens, this juicer will perform well and produce numerous gallons of fresh, nutritious juice for your entire family. I noticed that most pulp is drier with this juicer in comparison with the Jack Lalanne juicer. I also noticed that even though both juicers assemble and come apart easily the Breville juicer parts fit together better, and clean quicker. There are only six parts that need cleaning, and if you clean them immediately after juicing, cleanup takes about three to five minutes. It’s important not to let the material dry on any component, especially the filter assembly. The pitcher that comes with the juicer is plastic but it fits around the spout nicely and so does the lid. The pulp catcher fits more securely with this unit than with the Jack Lalanne juicer. One thing I will say with this juicer that some might perceive as a negative-once you put the fruit or vegetables in the juicer you better quickly put your hand over the top of the opening or quickly put the pusher in because the blades spin so fast small parts of the fruits and vegetables might come out the opening. I really enjoy my Breville Juicer and I highly recommend it for personality types like mine-those of us who like our juice but don't have the patience to wait for a masticating juicer.

The Great Gatsby: Chapter 7 Analysis

The communication of this invitation through Gatsby suggests initially to Nick that ‘something was up'. The air tension is increased by Fitzgerald's use of pathetic fallacy: the weather is â€Å"Hot!†¦Hot!†¦Hot!† so that it, like the atmosphere in the chapter ‘hovered on the edge of combustion'. It is almost the last day of summer, appropriately. There is a feeling that the last chance for Gatsby; that the darker days of autumn and winter are on their way; that things are drawing to a close with the demise of the summer. The telephone call received by Tom at luncheon (from Mrs.Wilson) adds to the air of expectancy and tension. It is also the first time the reader has seen all of the main characters of the play gathered together, adding to the idea that the climax is due soon. Daisy and Jordan's skin is powdered over, suggesting a papering over of cracks, and the falsity of the situation. Nick contemplates ‘the scalloped ocean and the abounding blessed isles', almost palpably desiring an escape. Daisy's public kissing of Gatsby, suggests that she is ready to make the relationship public, but her ‘clogging' on the fireplace suggests an almost hysterical desperation. Tom notes the change in the footing of their relationship, as Daisy exchanges apparently trivial comments that betray their intimacy : â€Å"you always look so cool†. His response to this is an attempt to shield Daisy from Gatsby, by trying to have her travel in his car to New York. He clearly recognises that ‘she had told him that she loved him'. Daisy's ‘presentation' of her child, Pammy, to Gatsby and the assembled company has striking effect upon Gatsby; she is concrete proof of the marriage between Tom and Daisy, inescapable evidence that Daisy has shared the last 5 years of her life with someone else. Tom agrees to Daisy's suggestion that they go to town as a welcome distraction from the almost surreal scene that appears to be brewing at the house. As the girls prepare for the outing, Nick notes ‘the moon hovered already in the Western sky', suggesting that time is again running out. As Tom gets whiskey, Fitzgerald has Gatsby explain the irresistible allure of Daisy's voice: â€Å"her voice is full of money†, This clarifies the whole moral stance of the characters in the text: drawn to the money in her siren's song. Nick thinks of her at this moment as † high in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl† in a vision that simultaneously draws together the multiple images of silver, gold and white that Fitzgerald has used throughout the text to suggest money and wealth. The drive to town provides another opportunity for Gatsby and Daisy to be alone together as Daisy evades Tom's suggestion that he drive her ‘in this circus wagon' – Gatsby's car. This description clearly demonstrates the contempt of the patrician for the vulgar display of wealth by Gatsby, the parvenu.

A Biography of King John of England

A Biography of King John of England King John was King of England from 1199 to 1216. He lost many of his family’s Angevin lands on the continent and was forced to concede numerous rights to his barons in the Magna Carta, which has led to John being considered a colossal failure. In later years many poor reputations have been rolled back by modern supporters, and while Johns financial management is now being reassessed, the anniversary of the Magna Carta saw almost every popular commentator criticize John for - at best - terrible leadership and at worst terrible oppression. While historians are more positive, this is not getting through. His missing gold appears in the national English newspapers every few years but is never found. Youth and Struggle for the Crown King John was the youngest son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine to survive childhood, being born in 1166. It appears that John was the favored son of Henry, and so the king tried to find him large lands to live from. One grant of several castles, given when John was first to be married (to an Italian heiress), provoked anger among his brothers and started a war between them. Henry II won, but John was given only a little land in the resulting settlement. John was betrothed in 1176 to Isabella, heir to the rich earldom of Gloucester. When John’s older brother Richard became heir to his fathers throne, Henry II wanted to promote Richard to inheriting England, Normandy, and Anjou, and give John Richard’s current holding of Aquitaine, but Richard refused to concede even this, and another round of family warfare followed. Henry turned down the Kingdom of Jerusalem for both himself and John (who begged to accept it), and then John was lined up for the command of Ireland. He visited but proved to be seriously indiscrete, developing a careless reputation and returning home a failure. When Richard rebelled again – Henry II was at the time refusing to recognize Richard as his heir – John supported him. The conflict broke Henry, and he died. When Richard became King Richard I of England in July 1189, John was made Count of Mortain, plus given other lands and a large income, as well as staying as Lord of Ireland and finally marrying Isabella. In return, John promised to stay out of England when Richard went on crusade, although their mother persuaded Richard to drop this clause. Richard then went, establishing a martial reputation that saw him considered a hero for generations; John, who stayed home, would end up achieving the precise opposite. Here, as with the Jerusalem episode, Johns life could have ended up very different. The man who Richard left in charge of England soon grew unpopular, and John set up what was almost a rival government. As war loomed between John and the official administration, Richard sent a new man back from the crusade to take charge and sort things out. John’s hopes of immediate control were dashed, but he still schemed for the throne, sometimes in conjunction with the King of France, who was continuing a long tradition of interference in their rival. When Richard was captured returning from the crusade, John signed a deal with the French and made a move for the crown of England itself, but failed. However, John was prepared to surrender notable parts of his brother’s lands to the French in return for their recognition, and this became known. Consequently, when Richard’s ransom was paid, and he returned in 1194, John was exiled and stripped of all possessions. Richard relented some in 1195, returning some lands, and totally in 1196 when John became the heir to the English throne. John as King In 1199 Richard died - while on a campaign, killed by a (un)lucky shot, before he could ruin his reputation - and John claimed the throne of England. He was accepted by Normandy, and his mother secured Aquitaine, but his claim to the rest was in trouble. He had to fight and negotiate, and he was challenged by his nephew Arthur. In concluding peace, Arthur kept Brittany (held from John), while John held his lands from the King of France, who was recognized as John’s overlord on the continent, in a manner greater than was ever forced out of John’s father. This would have a crucial impact later in the reign. However, historians who have cast a careful eye over John’s early reign have identified a crisis had already begun: many nobles distrusted John because of his previous actions and doubted whether he would treat them correctly. The marriage to Isabella of Gloucester was dissolved because of alleged consanguinity, and John looked for a new bride. He found one in the form of another Isabella, heiress to Angoulà ªme, and he married her as he tried to involve himself in the machinations of the Angoulà ªme and Lusignan family. Unfortunately, Isabella had been engaged to Hugh IX de Lusignan, and the result was a rebellion by Hugh and the involvement of French King Philip II. Had Hugh married Isabella, he would have commanded a powerful region and threatened John’s power in Aquitaine, so the break benefitted John. But, while marrying Isabella was a provocation to Hugh, John continued to snub and anger the man, pushing his rebellion. In his position as French King, Philip ordered John to his court (as he could any other noble who held lands from him), but John refused. Philip then revoked John’s lands, and a war began, but this was more a move to strengthen the French crown than any vote of faith in Hugh. John began by capturing a mass of the leading rebels who were sieging his mother but threw the advantage away. However, one of the prisoners, his nephew Arthur of Brittany, mysteriously died, leading most to conclude murder by John. By 1204 the French had taken Normandy - John’s barons undermined his war plans in 1205 – and by the start of 1206 they’d taken Anjou, Maine and chunks of Poitou as nobles deserted John all over the place. John was in danger of losing all the lands his predecessors had gained on the continent, although he managed small gains during 1206 to stabilize things. After being forced both to reside in England more permanently and to produce more money from his kingdom for war, John proceeded to develop and strengthen the royal administration. On the one hand, this provided the crown with more resources and strengthened royal power, on the other it upset nobles and made John, already a military failure, even more unpopular. John toured extensively within England, hearing many court cases in person: he had a great personal interest in, and a great ability for, the administration of his kingdom, although the goal was always more money for the crown. When the see of Canterbury became available in 1206, John’s nomination – John de Gray - was canceled by Pope Innocent III, who secured Stephen Langton for the position. John objected, citing traditional English rights, but in the following argument, Innocent excommunicated John. The latter now started draining the church of funds, raising a large sum he partly spent on a new navy – John has been called the founder of the English navy - before conceding that the pope would be a useful ally against the French and coming to an agreement in 1212. John then handed his kingdom over to the Pope, who bestowed it on John as a vassal for a thousand marks a year. While this might seem curious, it was really a cunning way to get Papal support against both France, and against the rebel barons of 1215. By the end of 1214, John had succeeded in mending his bridges with the top of the church, but his actions had alienated many further down and his lords. It also angered the mona stic chroniclers and writers historians have to use and may be one reason why so many of the modern histories have been so critical of King John, while the modern historians are increasingly peeling criticism away. Well, not all of them. Rebellion and Magna Carta While many lords of England had grown discontented with John, only a few had rebelled against him, despite widespread baronial discontent stretching back to before John took the throne. However, in 1214 John returned to France with an army and failed to do any damage except gain a truce, having once more been let down by vacillating barons and the failures of allies. When he returned a minority of barons took the chance to rebel and demand a charter of rights, and when they were able to take London in 1215, John was forced into negotiations as he looked for a solution. These talks took place at Runnymede, and on June 15, 1215, an agreement was made on the Articles of the Barons. Later known as Magna Carta, this became one of the pivotal documents in English, and to some extents western, history. In the short term, Magna Carta lasted just three months before the war between John and the rebels continued. Innocent III supported John, who struck back hard at the baron’s lands, but he rejected a chance to attack London and instead wasted the north. This allowed time for the rebels to appeal to Prince Louis of France, for him to gather an army, and for a successful landing to take place. As John retreated north again rather than fight Louis, he may have lost a portion of his treasury and definitely fell ill and died. This proved a blessing for England as the regency of John’s son Henry were able to reissue Magna Carta, thus splitting the rebels into two camps, and Louis was soon ejected. Legacy Until the revisionism of the twentieth century, John was rarely well regarded by writers and historians. He lost wars and land and is seen as the loser by giving the Magna Carta. But John had a keen, incisive mind, which he applied well to government. Unfortunately, this was negated by an insecurity about people who could challenge him, by his attempts to control barons through fear and debt rather than conciliation, through his lack of magnanimity and insults. It is difficult to be positive about a man who lost generations of royal expansion, which will always be clearly chartable. Maps can make for grim reading. But theres little that merits calling King John evil, as a British newspaper did.

Briefly describe the laws of the UK and the ethical rules of the CFA and their effectiveness in ‘keeping the markets clean’.

Profits are cause of violated rule of investment, so the markets have many problems which lead to the market abuse. This essay is about the significant problem that is insider dealing, lead to unfair trading. This problem spreads to the worldwide. Moreover, this essay focus in why insider dealing is wrong, history of insider dealing, CFA standard, process and development for solving the insider dealing in UK, mosaic theory and defense of legitimate research. To begin with definition of insider dealing, following from FSA Handbook 2006, is behaviors of someone who attempts to trade in related investment base on inside information or nonpublic information. The reasons of why insider dealing is wrong, firstly, insider dealing can prejudice the efficiency of the markets, for example it reduces liquidity of the markets and Raise cost of capital. The stock prices should reflect from all available information and hence provide trustworthy signals on based of investment decisions, if a stock market is efficiency. Moreover, the insider dealing endangers the fair market development and organized markets, so it demoralize confidence of investors. It can menace to damage confidence by decline investors’ beliefs for the fairing market, affect them to take out their money from investment. Furthermore, the insider dealing is immoral because unfair dealing base on unequal in information access. Lastly, it is conflict to business ethics, for example, it destroys companies and their shareholders and recently, many cases in US have significantly broken the fiduciary duty by employees using inside information which belongs to a company. Move to the historical of insider dealing, at the end of World War II, stocks buying and selling in a firm base on information only known in the firm or its directors. This behavior is widespread and legitimate. It was considered wrong for individual benefits for the expense of the main shareholders in a firm between the end of World War II and late decade1950. Although, between the decade 1960 and early decade 1979, the exercise became widespread and often using knowledge for take over. In 1973, the Sunday Times was describing the insider dealing as the â€Å"crime of being something in the City†. A joint statement for criminal sanctions was released by the Takeover Panel and the Stock Exchange in 1973. After that, a number of legislation was passed through Parliament, but it was aborted. The sections 69-73, Part V of the Companies Act 1980 was released for force insider dealing as a criminal offence on 23 June 1980.So the historical of insider dealing shown the insider deali ng was concerned long time ago but it quit difficult and take a long time to release the regulations or laws for force and punishment, because the insider dealing is difficult to define. This behavior should concern by ethic of investor (Cole, 2007). The most important institute of investment which is Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA) also concern about the insider dealing. CFA was issuing Standards of Professional Conduct. The insider dealing was mention in term of material nonpublic information in Standard II (Integrity of Capital Market). In the standard II A. said â€Å"Members and candidate who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information†. CFA present reason of acting on nonpublic information wrong because capital markets, institutions and investment professionals was eroded confident because the idea from special access and inside information able to get unfair advantage from investors or organizations who use public information for investment. In UK, the financial regulatory system is self regulation. The self-regulatory arrangements have not been adequate. It was pressured from global factors more than domestic factors. The global factors are significantly changing company law and financial regulations (Gilligan, 1999). The problem of punishable lead to poor market, because the regulations was issued by only authorized persons and key employees in some cases. Hence, the Finance Services and Market Act 2000 (FSMA) presented the chance to create a single regulator, renovate and consolidate the law of UK financial services and right of enhanced regulatory powers for the regulator. So, FSMA provide the FSA to make rule with wide range. Moreover, the FSA also has ability for investigatory and enforcement powers, including the capability to act for avoid market abuse and accuse offenders who are dealing with insider materials. In July 2005, the Market Abuse Directive (MAD) came into largely force. The MAD provisions and the market abuse regime were similar. Nearly five years ago, the Market Conduct in Code of FSA was published in original. In detail, the standards should be examined by everyone who involves in the significant part of UK’s financial markets such as someone who are trading in The UK, including from overseas. The standards are clear in particular, so it is expected to see through descriptions for defining and definition for example, what is and what is not market abuse. The Code gives obviousness for users who involve in financial markets. Furthermore, it brings everyone know about between trading on UK markets, what standards able to be expected. The FSA is not a regulator for enforcement. Otherwise, its purposes to retain clean the markets and discourage abuse through combine enforcement action and prevent measurements. Therefore, improvement of the FSA’s securities transactions checking system lead to heavy investment. The FSA will improve their ability to detect track market abuse (Cole, 2007). The major difficult for enforcing insider dealing regulation in UK are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources such as high cost of prosecution, and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. Sometime, insider dealing can be comparatively easy to identify in financial market in some cases. Especially, if there are radical an abnormal fluctuations in the stock value, which are pursued shortly later by publication of take-over or similar scheme. On the other hand, the identification for defining someone who use inside information, is the most difficult for practical enforcement. These problems are aggravated in the market which functions due to increasingly unidentified, global and complicated markets and so precise measurement of the situation of insider dealing is almost impossible. The distorted nature of information from inside and widespread use of useful possession of securities compound these finding problems. The finding pro blems in UK are perhaps greater than in other countries as a result of the greater amount of secondary trading that mirrors UK market. In all possibility there is a potentially massive dirty amount of insider dealing since new technologies and global markets enlarge the insider dealing abuse scope (Gilligan, 1999). The CFA institute promotes the method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory. Definition of the mosaic theory, which was mention in the standard II A., is an analyst method to assemble and interpret information about a corporation from many sources. Mosaic theory may was regarded for analytical significant conclusions from public material and non-public material information. For example, a firm so as to determine the underlying firm’s securities value and provides recommendations to customers or investors on the basis of that information. In CFA magazine March-April 2011, Kurt Schacht, CFA, who is managing director of Standards and Financial Market Integrity Division of CFA Institute, was mention about Defense of Legitimate Research, which is about research method, using expert networks and respected in mosaic theory were attacked by insider dealing. In US, federal agents have started charging players in financial market, who are firm insiders, investment fund managers and executive directors, for research firms, which were called â€Å"expert networks†. The expert networks available investors to enter in inside information in exchange for a charge. Some case of research firms were charged for obtain benefit and other non-public materials straight from publicly traded firm employees. Allegation of the cases was approached by federal government, the firm employees, who create the specialists network, were more ways for sample of insider information. From all indications, the wave of insider dealing cases is the starting of more expanding round of insider dealing probes. Media reporting has watched to overstate the circumstance to the detection of casting doubt on the model of expert network and anyone who exercise the service. Furthermore, many still have question, if the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or other regulators define insider trading again, possibly to comprise a number of legitimate and research methods employed by firm analysts. The allegation has argued that someone who was basically employing standard primary research methods and approaching the mosaic theory in at least one of the cases. The effect has been analysis of this well-established exercise. The reporting has confused the businesses, prompting many lawful analysts and investors to query the exercise of research networks and other completely exercises for horror of reaching caught up in the detection. Regarded from CFA’s analysis, some cases did not about legitimate the mosaic approach using and occur to be clear insider dealing examples. CFA has supported the techniques of thorough, hard working, and honest research. The most great analysts can show their distinction in many ways, including the talent to transcend the significant point and search for disappear fact and situation the boost the investment. Ethical analysts have adequate opportunities to discriminate themselves exclude intentionally getting nonpublic information from someone who should not share this information. For analysts, hedge fund managers and network experts who violate the rule, will attempt to defend their behavior. They might try to justify their violation of using inside materials by regarding the mosaic theory, however illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. Significantly, as an institute committed to supporting the greatest ethical con duct standards, CFA strongly sustain the attempts of federal investors and SEC to control insider dealing. Since the investigation continues to improve, CFA will be closely detecting any activities attack on legitimate research. Moreover, CFA have extended to SEC for further explanation and guarantee that the process of legitimate research is not threaten. Furthermore, CFA has developed a task force, including other business experts and CFA charter holders to evaluate any activities resulting from regulatory probe. Overall, the insider dealing seem to the serious problem which was concerned and attempt to solve long time ago, but this problem still appear now, because the problem is difficult to detect the behavior. Both in UK and CFA have considered the problem and try to develop their regulations and standards, including forcing someone who is violate the regulations and standards. The major factors of difficulty enforcement are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. The method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory, was promoted by CFA Institute. This theory also has threat from someone, who use insider information, try to justify their behavior. However, Illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. In addition, CFA has developed a task force, including other business. Bibliography CFA Institute. (2010) Material Nonpublic Information. In: Standard II Integrity of Capital Markets. Ethical and Professional Standards and Quantitative Methods, Person, pp.36-45 Cole, M. (2007) Insider Dealing in the City. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2007/0317_mc.shtml [Accessed 9 April 2011] Ferguson, R. B. and Page, A. C. (1992) Enforcement. Investor Protection London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 106-120 FSA (2011) Market Abuse. In: The Code of Market Conduct. FSA Hand Book. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/hb-releases/rel111/rel111mar.pdf [Accessed 5 April 2011] Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Enforcement of UK Insider Dealing Regulation. In: Regulating Insider Dealing. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.183-191 Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Need for Continuing Review of Financial Services Regulation. In: White Collar Crime and Financial Services Regulation. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.21-36 Schacht, K. (2011) In Defense of Legitimate Research. CFA Magazine, March-April, pp.21 Briefly describe the laws of the UK and the ethical rules of the CFA and their effectiveness in ‘keeping the markets clean’. Profits are cause of violated rule of investment, so the markets have many problems which lead to the market abuse. This essay is about the significant problem that is insider dealing, lead to unfair trading. This problem spreads to the worldwide. Moreover, this essay focus in why insider dealing is wrong, history of insider dealing, CFA standard, process and development for solving the insider dealing in UK, mosaic theory and defense of legitimate research. To begin with definition of insider dealing, following from FSA Handbook 2006, is behaviors of someone who attempts to trade in related investment base on inside information or nonpublic information. The reasons of why insider dealing is wrong, firstly, insider dealing can prejudice the efficiency of the markets, for example it reduces liquidity of the markets and Raise cost of capital. The stock prices should reflect from all available information and hence provide trustworthy signals on based of investment decisions, if a stock market is efficiency. Moreover, the insider dealing endangers the fair market development and organized markets, so it demoralize confidence of investors. It can menace to damage confidence by decline investors’ beliefs for the fairing market, affect them to take out their money from investment. Furthermore, the insider dealing is immoral because unfair dealing base on unequal in information access. Lastly, it is conflict to business ethics, for example, it destroys companies and their shareholders and recently, many cases in US have significantly broken the fiduciary duty by employees using inside information which belongs to a company. Move to the historical of insider dealing, at the end of World War II, stocks buying and selling in a firm base on information only known in the firm or its directors. This behavior is widespread and legitimate. It was considered wrong for individual benefits for the expense of the main shareholders in a firm between the end of World War II and late decade1950. Although, between the decade 1960 and early decade 1979, the exercise became widespread and often using knowledge for take over. In 1973, the Sunday Times was describing the insider dealing as the â€Å"crime of being something in the City†. A joint statement for criminal sanctions was released by the Takeover Panel and the Stock Exchange in 1973. After that, a number of legislation was passed through Parliament, but it was aborted. The sections 69-73, Part V of the Companies Act 1980 was released for force insider dealing as a criminal offence on 23 June 1980.So the historical of insider dealing shown the insider deali ng was concerned long time ago but it quit difficult and take a long time to release the regulations or laws for force and punishment, because the insider dealing is difficult to define. This behavior should concern by ethic of investor (Cole, 2007). The most important institute of investment which is Chartered Financial Analyst Institute (CFA) also concern about the insider dealing. CFA was issuing Standards of Professional Conduct. The insider dealing was mention in term of material nonpublic information in Standard II (Integrity of Capital Market). In the standard II A. said â€Å"Members and candidate who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information†. CFA present reason of acting on nonpublic information wrong because capital markets, institutions and investment professionals was eroded confident because the idea from special access and inside information able to get unfair advantage from investors or organizations who use public information for investment. In UK, the financial regulatory system is self regulation. The self-regulatory arrangements have not been adequate. It was pressured from global factors more than domestic factors. The global factors are significantly changing company law and financial regulations (Gilligan, 1999). The problem of punishable lead to poor market, because the regulations was issued by only authorized persons and key employees in some cases. Hence, the Finance Services and Market Act 2000 (FSMA) presented the chance to create a single regulator, renovate and consolidate the law of UK financial services and right of enhanced regulatory powers for the regulator. So, FSMA provide the FSA to make rule with wide range. Moreover, the FSA also has ability for investigatory and enforcement powers, including the capability to act for avoid market abuse and accuse offenders who are dealing with insider materials. In July 2005, the Market Abuse Directive (MAD) came into largely force. The MAD provisions and the market abuse regime were similar. Nearly five years ago, the Market Conduct in Code of FSA was published in original. In detail, the standards should be examined by everyone who involves in the significant part of UK’s financial markets such as someone who are trading in The UK, including from overseas. The standards are clear in particular, so it is expected to see through descriptions for defining and definition for example, what is and what is not market abuse. The Code gives obviousness for users who involve in financial markets. Furthermore, it brings everyone know about between trading on UK markets, what standards able to be expected. The FSA is not a regulator for enforcement. Otherwise, its purposes to retain clean the markets and discourage abuse through combine enforcement action and prevent measurements. Therefore, improvement of the FSA’s securities transactions checking system lead to heavy investment. The FSA will improve their ability to detect track market abuse (Cole, 2007). The major difficult for enforcing insider dealing regulation in UK are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources such as high cost of prosecution, and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. Sometime, insider dealing can be comparatively easy to identify in financial market in some cases. Especially, if there are radical an abnormal fluctuations in the stock value, which are pursued shortly later by publication of take-over or similar scheme. On the other hand, the identification for defining someone who use inside information, is the most difficult for practical enforcement. These problems are aggravated in the market which functions due to increasingly unidentified, global and complicated markets and so precise measurement of the situation of insider dealing is almost impossible. The distorted nature of information from inside and widespread use of useful possession of securities compound these finding problems. The finding pro blems in UK are perhaps greater than in other countries as a result of the greater amount of secondary trading that mirrors UK market. In all possibility there is a potentially massive dirty amount of insider dealing since new technologies and global markets enlarge the insider dealing abuse scope (Gilligan, 1999). The CFA institute promotes the method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory. Definition of the mosaic theory, which was mention in the standard II A., is an analyst method to assemble and interpret information about a corporation from many sources. Mosaic theory may was regarded for analytical significant conclusions from public material and non-public material information. For example, a firm so as to determine the underlying firm’s securities value and provides recommendations to customers or investors on the basis of that information. In CFA magazine March-April 2011, Kurt Schacht, CFA, who is managing director of Standards and Financial Market Integrity Division of CFA Institute, was mention about Defense of Legitimate Research, which is about research method, using expert networks and respected in mosaic theory were attacked by insider dealing. In US, federal agents have started charging players in financial market, who are firm insiders, investment fund managers and executive directors, for research firms, which were called â€Å"expert networks†. The expert networks available investors to enter in inside information in exchange for a charge. Some case of research firms were charged for obtain benefit and other non-public materials straight from publicly traded firm employees. Allegation of the cases was approached by federal government, the firm employees, who create the specialists network, were more ways for sample of insider information. From all indications, the wave of insider dealing cases is the starting of more expanding round of insider dealing probes. Media reporting has watched to overstate the circumstance to the detection of casting doubt on the model of expert network and anyone who exercise the service. Furthermore, many still have question, if the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or other regulators define insider trading again, possibly to comprise a number of legitimate and research methods employed by firm analysts. The allegation has argued that someone who was basically employing standard primary research methods and approaching the mosaic theory in at least one of the cases. The effect has been analysis of this well-established exercise. The reporting has confused the businesses, prompting many lawful analysts and investors to query the exercise of research networks and other completely exercises for horror of reaching caught up in the detection. Regarded from CFA’s analysis, some cases did not about legitimate the mosaic approach using and occur to be clear insider dealing examples. CFA has supported the techniques of thorough, hard working, and honest research. The most great analysts can show their distinction in many ways, including the talent to transcend the significant point and search for disappear fact and situation the boost the investment. Ethical analysts have adequate opportunities to discriminate themselves exclude intentionally getting nonpublic information from someone who should not share this information. For analysts, hedge fund managers and network experts who violate the rule, will attempt to defend their behavior. They might try to justify their violation of using inside materials by regarding the mosaic theory, however illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. Significantly, as an institute committed to supporting the greatest ethical con duct standards, CFA strongly sustain the attempts of federal investors and SEC to control insider dealing. Since the investigation continues to improve, CFA will be closely detecting any activities attack on legitimate research. Moreover, CFA have extended to SEC for further explanation and guarantee that the process of legitimate research is not threaten. Furthermore, CFA has developed a task force, including other business experts and CFA charter holders to evaluate any activities resulting from regulatory probe. Overall, the insider dealing seem to the serious problem which was concerned and attempt to solve long time ago, but this problem still appear now, because the problem is difficult to detect the behavior. Both in UK and CFA have considered the problem and try to develop their regulations and standards, including forcing someone who is violate the regulations and standards. The major factors of difficulty enforcement are detection, jurisdiction, difficulty of proof, limited enforcement resources and ambivalence about censure and general issues of legitimacy. The method for solving of using non-public materials in legitimate way, which is mosaic theory, was promoted by CFA Institute. This theory also has threat from someone, who use insider information, try to justify their behavior. However, Illegitimate effort should not reduce appropriateness of the mosaic theory when practical correctly. In addition, CFA has developed a task force, including other business. Bibliography CFA Institute. (2010) Material Nonpublic Information. In: Standard II Integrity of Capital Markets. Ethical and Professional Standards and Quantitative Methods, Person, pp.36-45 Cole, M. (2007) Insider Dealing in the City. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2007/0317_mc.shtml [Accessed 9 April 2011] Ferguson, R. B. and Page, A. C. (1992) Enforcement. Investor Protection London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 106-120 FSA (2011) Market Abuse. In: The Code of Market Conduct. FSA Hand Book. Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/hb-releases/rel111/rel111mar.pdf [Accessed 5 April 2011] Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Enforcement of UK Insider Dealing Regulation. In: Regulating Insider Dealing. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.183-191 Gilligan, G. P. (1999) The Need for Continuing Review of Financial Services Regulation. In: White Collar Crime and Financial Services Regulation. Regulating the Financial Services Sector, pp.21-36 Schacht, K. (2011) In Defense of Legitimate Research. CFA Magazine, March-April, pp.21

Ending of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ending of Life - Essay Example The LCF strongly views that the legalisation of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide is against the right of the under Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The LCF has brought to light that euthanasia or physician assisted suicide cannot be truly autonomous acts which requires consent and the accurate assessment of competence is not adequately guaranteed. Further, the submission also focuses on the fact that it is to too difficult to ensure a truly voluntary decision and it is impossible to regulate euthanasia or physician assisted suicide. The LCF rightly has pointed out that neither the doctors nor patients want euthanasia and the legalization would create a policy drift away from the principle of inviolability of life, thus opening the door to further liberalization of the law. In the submission, ‘ECHR’ denotes the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, ‘ECtHR’ denotes the European Court on Human rights; ‘PAS’ denotes physician assisted suicide, where a doctor helps a patient to take his or her own life; Euthanasia denotes the intentional termination of a patient’s life by a doctor who thinks that death is of benefit to the patient; Involuntary euthanasia denotes euthanasia being carried out against the wishes of a Non – competent patients; The House of Lords Committee denotes the House of Lords Select Committee on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill; The Select Committee Report denotes the First Select Committee Report of the House of Lords on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill. The LCF has classified its objections into various categories as The Right to Life, The Right to choose, The Problem of Consent, Depression, The Impossibility of the Regulation, Safeguards, Implication and Conclusion in the submission. According to the LCF submission, the Right to Life is the corner stone of human rights law, which has the protection under the Article 3